Saturday, 30 April 2016

Prudential old Gothic bldg


Broad & Market Streets corner in 1929. 
1906. 
Lucas Konrad-Parisi wrote: The Customs House on the right is now Burlington, and everything else is Prudential, or was built by Prudential.
Dean M. Sonnenberg wrote: Renowned New York City Architect, George B. Post, designed the Prudential Building to the far-left in 1890. The beautiful 1894 Federal Building, which some people call Custom House, also housed the Post Office (on Broad St. and Academy Street) was designed by Jeremiah O’Rourke.
This block on Broad Street is where the National Newark Building is today (744 Broad Street). The second Mutual Benifit Life Insurance bulding is the one with the tall columns. It was built in 1908 and demolished in 1926 to make way for the National Newark Building. You can see in the distance the second Fireman's Insurance building (built 1910) and the First Presbyterian Church. Missing is the Kinney Building which wasn't built until 1913. Also visible is the Howard Savings Institution building with it's short columns. Trolleys' true colour was red not green as in this colourization.
An opposite view from the previous photo. This is looking from the First Presbyterian Church to the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Building. You can see in that the Kinney Building has been built.
Doug Douglass wrote in Facebook: Next to church, 12-story First National State Bank, 810 Broad St., built in 1912. 2014: Indigo boutique hotel. Today 810 Gibson, 100 apartments.
Jule Spohn wrote: Great photo, Glenn. What year? I see that 744 Broad St., National Newark & Essex Bank has not been built yet.
Author answers: Sometime between 1913 (Kinney Building built) & 1926 (Mutual Benefit building demolished). But most of these types of postcards were from 1914-1915 which I would say would be closer.

Sunday, 10 August 2014

(Air) ways to get into the USA

I flew to New York, USA in 1971, on a Varig airplane. Varig was the Brazilian international carrier then. It is no more today. All flights to the USA and Europe started from Rio de Janeiro. As I lived in São Paulo I had to take a 'domestic flight' from Congonhas Airport to Galeão in Rio. It took around 9 hours to get from Rio to JFK in NYC. 

As time went by and I settled in the US, I realized that most people I met from South America arrived in the US through Aerolineas Peruanas or Braniff International Airways. Here are some 1950s ads I've got from the Brazilian Reader's Digest. 
In the late 1950s, the flight from Rio de Janeiro to New York City took 'only' 25 hours and 3 minutes, according to this Braniff ad. One would take off from Rio on a DC-6 and fly over the Andes to Lima. From Lima it would fly to Guayaquil (Ecuador), Panama, Havana (Cuba) and finally New York.
Braniff and Aerolineas Peruanas ran more-or-less the same route from Rio de Janeiro to New York City in the late 1950s.
Rockefeller Center on 5th Avenue off 50th Street with Varig Brazilian Airlines offices on the right in May 1962.
12 February 1961 - 10 years before I flew to New York the air-fares were a lot cheaper. Look at these Varig prices. I paid more than double those prices in 1971; 19 February 1961 - on the right Braniff also advertises their low prices at Estadao (a week later).
Real - Aerovias Brasilia - flew from Rio de Janeiro to Mexico City and Los Angeles twice a week. They don't say how long the trip took (maybe) not to frighten their customers. They only extolled the virtues of their food and the excitiment of visiting such marvelous cities. The planes had stop-overs at Manaus, Bogota (Colombia), Mexico City and finally Los Angeles.
6 May 1960 - ad in S.Paulo's daily OESP - Loja para brasileiros em New York - stores especially catering for Brazilians who spoke little English. 
9 April 1961 ad in S.Paulo daily OESP from Victor Appliance Co. on 22 Albany Street, catered for Brazilian middle class who had their shopping done in Manhattan. Note that Victor is 'soon moving to 46th Street' where Brazilians of all persuasions have congregated since then.

Victor Appliance Co. had been selling TVs, radios, stereos, lingeries, linen, nylons to Brazilians for 15 years. They had a van-service Brazilians could use just ringing them up.
23rd June 1963 - Varig's Boeing 707 takes off from Rio de Janeiro's Galeão Airport at 11:00 pm and arrives in NYC at 7:30 in the morning. You fly during night-time which has got less turbulence. After a hearty dinner you will have a nice sleep. At 7:30 the plane will be touching down in New York. This was probably Varig's first non-stop flight from Rio to NYC. 
28 July 1964 - Ad at OESP in which Varig boasts of having 4 weekly flights to New York from Rio de Janeiro with stopovers in Recife-PE, Belém-PA & Santo Domingo (instead of Cuba which was ruled by Fidel Castro now). On top of 4 weekly flights to New York City, Varig had another 4 flights to other cities in the USA. Probably Los Angeles.
9 May 1965 - See this reel-to-reel Sony portable tape-recorder? This is the kind of stuff Brazilians bought in New York when they visited the city in 1965. New York World Fair was still on in May 1965. Victor International was now relocated at West 46th Street between 5th & 6th Avenues (Avenue of Americas). 

Thursday, 7 August 2014

No man's land - New Jersey Meadowlands

I arrived in the USA, throught the JFK Airport in New York, on the morning of Saturday, 2nd October 1971. The very first time I took the Interstate bus to Newark at Platform 61, at the Port Authority Bus Terminal on 8th Avenue - and it went West through the New Jersey Turnpike... I noticed this No Man's Land spread out in a sort of eerie prairie beetween Manhattan  and Jersey City. 

Every time the bus flew over it on tall bridges that covered the swampland for kilometres I could not help but wonder about such a mysterious place...
New Jersey Meadowlands land fill.
New Jersey Turnpike on flooded Meadowlands.
Newark Bay Bridge - North Bayone Park.


Pulaski Skyway.


Blue Moon day seen from New Jersey - 31st July 2015.
Blue Moon day - 31st July 2015.
sometime before 11 September 2001. 

Every time I took the Newark bus at plataform 61, at the Port Authority Bus Terminal, on 8th Avenue, I actually prepared myself for a Magical Mystery Tour of my own. As soon as the bus finished crossing the Lincoln Tunnel and entered the amazing New Jersey Turnpike, especially after dark, my mind had a will of its own and flew away in space and time. The Turnpike was a real highway... I mean, it was built many metres above the ground...it was almost like riding an airplane...one could never see the ground which is the famous N.J. Meadowlands pictured above.

One of the most common recurring fantasies I had while I looked back at Manhattan's skyline getting ever so smaller in the distance was the thought that my Grandfather Giovanni Darin who migrated to Brazil in 1888, when he was 17 years old, had once wished to have migrated to the USA, which they called it America in his native Italy in the 1870s... a hundred years back. 

I had this strange pleasant feeling that just by being in 'America' and looking at the Empire State Building in the distance I had it made; I had made my Grandfather's dream come true a hundred years later! Isn't it peculiar? Actually my Grandfather was born on 11 November 1871, which would have made him just a baby if we were to turn back 100 years into the past. It was a feeling that made me feel good. The dream lasted for a few minutes until the bus swerved to the left and entered Newark's area which made me wake up to reality instantly. 

Returning to Newark from Manhattan after dark - usually on Saturdays or Sundays - made me a little uneasy for it was almost impossible to see people walking on the streets for Americans are notorious for not walking when they can drive. So after I got off the bus in the Ironbound, I walked murky and deserted streets until I got to where I lived. I wasn't afraid of being robbed or assaulted but only despondent for being so lonely. Fortunately all this gloom would disappear as soon as I got home - whatever 'home' meant at the time. Once I turned the radio on or got myself something to read or a letter to write I was back being my old self again. 

Pulaski Skyway with Kearny Generating Station on the right, in the 1970s.

Allan Lacki wrote at Facebook in 2026: the great and wonderful smog in the Jersey Meadows! I remember when there were no garbage mountains there - the "sanitation" companies simply burned the garbage in the open air and smoke filled the streets on the eastern side of Kearny, NJ most nights.

Mike Jamison wrote: This place scared me, as a child.

Maryanne Christiano-Mistretta replied:  I drove over it alone a few years ago. I was terrified. I don't know how people do it every day. I guess they are used to it.

Bob Maxim wrote: Thats how us, Polacks, get to heaven!

Saturday, 3 May 2014

1960s & early 1970s in New Jersey


Mountclair, N.J. 
Mountclair, N.J. in the 1970s.
at the Two Guys parking lot in 1977 - Mountclair, N.J.
Mountclair, N.J. in the 1970s. 
8th Avenue in the Chelsea district; the Hotel on the right is on the corner of 22nd Street; the car is a Cadillac 1973, so it must be late December 1972.


Monday, 3 March 2014

'Tia' Eugênia's newsagency at 112 Ferry Street, Newark, N.J.


Myself & Kuwenderson Walck photo from a 'selfie' machine. 
During the 1970s, Tia Eugênia's newsagency at 112 Ferry Street in the Ironbound section of Newark, NJ, was a key gathering spot for the burgeoning Brazilian community. 
  • Role in Community: The newsagency acted as a crucial hub where Brazilian immigrants, or "Brazucas," would meet, catch up on news, and connect with others in the area, often gathering there on hot summer days.
  • Cultural Hub: Described as a staple of the 1970s "Brazilian scene" in Newark, it was a familiar landmark for new arrivals looking to settle in the U.S..
  • Location: The shop was located at 112 Ferry St, Newark, NJ 07105.
The area was noted in personal recollections as a place where many, including young Brazilian men, hung out and built community in the 1970s. For more on this, check out the firsthand account in this blog post, "Three Brazilian lads sharing a flat on Wilson Avenue". 
For more context on the era, read the blog post Ironbound in the 1970s - Newark N.J. 1970s. 


Tuesday, 17 December 2013

Newark's BRAZUCAS' origins



Brazucas, U.S.A.

Not even in my wildest dream had I ever imagined - when I first thought about moving to the U.S.A. - that I would live in an American city where I could go down Main Street and meet fellows who spoke my own language. Not even in São Paulo I would see so many familiar faces on the streets as in Newark, N.J. I should add that 'Main Street' here is none other than Ferry Street in the Ironbound, Newark, N.J. in the early 1970s. 

The Ironbound section of Newark, N.J. had been chosen by Portuguese migrants  who abandoned the Massachusetts industrial area around Boston whose shoemaking industry was in decline circa 1910.  

Coisa que eu nunca esperava quando planejei ir p’ros U.S.A. é que eu viveria numa cidade norte-americana onde, andando pelas ruas, encontraria fulano, sicrano e beltrano que já era seu conhecido, além de conterrâneo. Nem no próprio Brasil, pelo menos na cidade de São Paulo, a gente tem essa experiência. Isso só acontece em cidade do interior. Newark, de-repente, era uma cidade-do-interior, onde você desce a Ferry Street e diz ‘Oi’, ‘Tudo bem?’ e coisas afins.

A brasileirada gostava de conversar sobre como chegara aos Estados Unidos. Naquele tempo ainda não havia casos de gente atravessando a fronteira mexicana à nado, dentro de porta-malas de carros ou caminhando pelo deserto do Arizona, como nos dias de hoje.  Aquele tempo era mais civilizado que agora. A maioria dos brazucas tinha chegado aos EUA de avião e gostava de citar nomes de companhias aéreas, que naquele tempo eram principalmente a Braniff International e Aerolineas Peruanas. Essa última era famosa por ser a mais barata e fuleira. Diziam que algumas família traziam até galinhas. Obviamente isso era apenas força-de-expressão, para caracterizar a ‘carrier’ como ‘pau-de-arara’ aéreo.

A maioria dos brasileiros era composta de mineiros, isso não há duvidas. De-repente a gente começava a distinguir nomes de várias cidades mineiras, como Governador Valadares, com seu contingente esmagador, Belo Horizonte, sua capital, e outras cidades que ‘popped up in conversations’. 

Surpreendente também foi a constatação do número de paraenses que viviam por lá. Conheci vários paraenses e sempre fiquei encafifado, querendo saber a razão disso. Foi preciso o aparecimento da Internet para eu, finalmente, inferir a razão dos paraenses terem sido os primeiros brasileiros a imigrarem para essa região.

Origem dos portugueses de Newark, N.J.

A presença de portugueses em Newark vem das décadas de 1910 e 1920, quando houve uma debandada deles de Massachusetts e outros estados de New England (Nova Inglaterra), cuja indústria de calçados  estava em declínio. Os sapateiros lusos mudaram-se em bandos para a região de Newark, N.J. para trabalhar numa industria diversificada em expansão.

Origem dos brasileiros de Newark, N.J.

O português Daniel Albino Rodrigues e sua mulher Elvira, chegaram em Newark em 1925. Eles vinham de Belém, do Pará, onde trabalharam na indústria da borracha, que entrara em decadência. Desembarcaram nas docas do Brooklyn-NY, que era onde a borracha brasileira era descarregada, e vieram se juntar aos portugueses oriundos de Massachusets, que haviam se estabelecido em Newark 15 anos antes. 

Ora, não precisa de muita inteligência para inferir que os Rodrigues eram conhecidos de vários paraenses que fizeram o mesmo caminho que o casal. Portanto aí está a explicação do porque os paraenses serem os primeiros brasileiros a povoar a comunidade dos ‘futuros brazucas’ de Newark.  

Daniel 'Albino' & Elvira construíram uma casa para si na 91 McWhorter Street, em 1946, e viveram lá até seus falecimentos na década de 80.

os nomes dos pioneiros Daniel Albino e Elvira Rodrigues se transformaram em nome de praça em Newark, N.J. 

leia mais sobre o assunto: http://newarkhistory.com/mcwhorterst.html

Most of the Portuguese in Newark immigrated in the 1950s or after, yet, the Ironbound has had a substantial Portuguese presence since the 1910s-1920s, when Portuguese immigrants fled the declining shoe industry in New England to find work in booming industrial Newark.

91 McWhorter Street was the home of Dan and Elvira Rodrigues, "the Mayor and Mayoress of McWhorter Street." Daniel "Albino" Rodrigues came to Newark in 1925 at age 23, from Portugal by way of the Brooklyn docks and the rubber industry of Brazil. He and Elvira ran Dan's Friendly Oil Service in the Ironbound. They built this house themselves in 1946 and lived here until they died in the 1980s.

Dan and Elvira were very community spirited. In 1959, Dan & Elvira set sail for Portugal carrying 66 trunks of clothing for the poor. Elvira was active in the Democratic party, registering thousands of new Americans as first time voters. Dan was a trustee of the Newark Public Library.

McWhorter Street was named after the Rev. Dr. Alexander McWhorter, the Scotch-Irish pastor of the Old First Presbyterian Church. McWhorter was a supporter of the American Revolution, a historian of Newark, and the organizer of Newark's first July 4th parade, held back in 1788.
Avião da PanAm sobrevoa a cidade de Belém-PA circa 1952. Belém era escala obrigatória de aviões provenientes do Rio, Montevideo ou Buenos Aires dirigindo-se aos Estados Unidos.

Manhattan calling!

Desde o início de meu plano de ir morar nos EEUU, eu pensava que meu destino final seria a ilha de Manhattan, que é New York propriamente dito. Mas o destino, pelas mãos de dona Lícia, me jogou algumas milhas à oeste de tal paraíso. 

Cheguei nos U.S.A. num sábado, 2 Outubro 1971. No final do dia eu já estava estabelecido num quarto, que dividia com um português que tinha chegado do Brasil 2 semanas antes que eu. Tendo dormido o sono dos justos, no domingo de manhã, acordei com muito entusiasmo, pois queria continuar minha 'inspeção' da Ilha de Manhattan, que tinha visto muito pouco no sábado. 

Não podia perder um minuto. Logo de manhã desci a Wilson Avenue, entrei na Ferry Street até lá em baixo e peguei o ônibus, que saía de debaixo das linhas férreas da Pennsylvania Station de Newark, que cruzam a Market Street. O preço do ônibus era 2 dólares e alguns centavos; eu não sabia que existia o trem PATH, que custava 4 vezes menos que o ônibus. 

Mas, ir para Manhattan de ônibus era muito gostoso, pois corria-se por estradas aéreas, e a paisagem era da mais interessante, pois, sendo outono, as cores das árvores eram de avermelhadas a amareladas, até chegarem a um marrom forte e daí, as folhas caírem mortas no chão. Sempre um espetáculo aos olhos a mudança outonal de cores das árvores.

Depois da New Jersey Turnpike o ônibus entra no Lincoln Tunnel, atravessando o rio Hudson por debaixo, para já subir pela rampa até o 4o. andar do Port Authority Bus Terminal. Deixando o ônibus, desce-se várias escadas-rolantes até a Eighth Avenue com 41st Street, anda-se um pouquinho à esquerda e já entra-se no burburinho da 42nd Street.   

Tudo isso era uma festa para os meus quatro sentidos. Na 42nd Street anda-se um quarteirão até a 7th Avenue & Broadway, e você já está em Times Square. Isso era festa para minha alma. Dobrando-se à direita vai-se em direção ao Empire State Building, na 34th Street. Dobrando-se à esquerda v. vai dar no Rockfeller Center, 46th Street e Central Park. Como diz a musica: ‘they say the neon lights are bright on Broadway / they say there's always magic in the air’. Neon lights por todos os lugares.  As luzinhas piscando nas marquises dos cinemas da 42nd Street. 

Me lembro que certa tarde amena e ensolarada, talvez ainda em outubro, fui até o Central Park. Sentei-me por lá para apreciar a paisagem. Havia um rapaz norte-americano por perto, vestido num casaco de exército alemão, ouvindo um aparelho de som. Eu comentei alguma coisa sobre os Rolling Stones, já que estava tocando ‘Brown sugar’. O rapaz, que talvez não quisesse conversa, foi irônico e comentou algo que os Stones eram os melhores do mundo. Logo em seguida tocou ‘Wild horses’, linda balada que eu ainda não conhecia.  Notei que havia uma relutância da parte dele em admitir que eu, sendo um ‘estrangeiro escuro e ignorante’, pudesse gostar do ‘supra-sumo’ do rock-branco. De-repente passou um helicóptero por perto, ele o apontou e perguntou se existia helicópteros no meu país de origem, com deliberada intenção de me rebaixar. Depois disso ficou bem claro que o desdém inicial dele havia se transformado em quase agressão, algo que eu experimentaria inúmeras vezes em minha estada por lá. Esse foi meu primeiro contacto com o preconceito e a intolerância racial dos norte-americanos brancos. Foi meu ‘batismo’ na terra do Tio Sam, onde Igualdade é uma palavra que só existe escrita na Constituição ou livros de filosofia, pois Igualdade, na verdade é um mito. 

Mesmo assim eu não esmoreci. Caminhando pela Eighth Avenue eu passei por uma loja de disco e comprei o LP ‘Parsely, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme’, de Simon & Garfunkel, pois eu achava a capa bem bonita. Toda vez que ia a Manhattan eu comprava um LP. Um luxo que eu não podia fazer no Brasil. 

Nessas primeiras semanas eu fui assistir ao documentário ‘Gimme shelter’, dos Rolling Stones, onde o Mick Jagger cantava justamente ‘Wild horses’, uma musica muito linda, realmente.  Foi num daqueles cinemas da 3rd ou 1st Avenue, que são mais ‘chics’.

Na segunda-feira, dia 4 de Outubro 1971, eu conheci os outros três moradores do quarto contíguo ao nosso.
McWhorter & Lafayette Street.
90 McWhorter Street - the house Daniel and Elvira lived since the 1920s.
Within the red circle are McWhorter & Hamilton Streets. The smaller red circle on the right is 112 Ferry Street, where Tia Eugênia used to have her newsagency, a point of congregation of Brazilian expats in the late 60s & early 70s. 
This is Hamilton Street, one of the last brick streets in Newark. Another brick street is North End, which was featured in On Broadway.

In Phillip Roth's 'American Pastoral', Merry Levov, a 1960s terrorist, eventually renounces all violence, becomes a Jain, and settles here on Hamilton Street.
a larger map of the area where one can see Independence Park aka Mosquito Park by Brazilians who lived in the vicinity.